Corporate Social Responsibility is a managing idea whereby firms fit in societal and ecological anxieties in their commercial processes and acquaintances with their stakeholders. Business organizations are trying to attain an equilibrium in economic, ecological and societal imperatives with performing societal tasks popularly known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).

In this background, the key objective of the study is to examine the relationship between CSR compliance and profitability performance of the selected sample companies in Indian oil and gas industry from 2018-2019 to 2022-2023. One-way ANOVA and simple linear regression equations are used for data analysis. The CSRI compliances of the selected companies are observed to be moderately satisfactory during the study period. Moreover, CSRI compliance of BPCL is found to be better as compared to IOCL and HPCL. However, the study found no significant linkage between CSRI compliance and ROCE. Thus, profitability performance of the sample companies is not driven by their CSRI performance.