Human resource is the backbone of every organization and it is also the main and an important resource of the organization. The human resource department plays a very different and vital role in the success of an organization. In the recent years with the new concepts of globalization and glocalization. Human resource department has made a shift from traditional human resource management to a new perspective of Strategic HRM. Human Resources Managers are expected to be the leaders of organizational change activities. HRD and OD the subsystems of HRM are practiced in the organization. The different organization uses their human resources information systems (HRIS). The focus of this literature review is to summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of other researcher about HR. In its inception definitions, different types/levels, goals, objectives, functions of HR have been illustrated. In later stage of literature review it deals with how HR is different and more efficient and effective from traditional HR.