In the age of industrialization and globalization, countries around the world strengthen mutual exchange and cooperation. In this article, we will focus on understanding and clarifying the two most popular global trade trends today: the trend of freedom and trade protection. The objects of analysis are mainly the economies of the world's leading developed countries. The article will be divided into five specific sections as follows: first, introduction; second, the theoretical basis; the research methods; the research results (analysis of the world's leading economies under the impact of two global trade trends and policies) and finally conclusions and recommendations.